@article{oai:uekusa.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000249,
 author = {荒金, 房子 and ARAKANE, Fusako},
 journal = {植草学園大学研究紀要, Bulletin of Education and Health Sciences, Uekusa-Gakuen University},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The purpose of the present study is to investigate how Japanese university students recognize and use headings, and the effects of instructions on their ability to deal with headings. Two experiments were designed to analyze the effects of headings on text comprehension in terms of types of headings (statements or questions), three tasks (retrieval, cued recall, and instruction). Experiment 1 investigated the effects of different types of headings (statements or questions) 
on the retrieval task. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that no advantage accrued to students on the existence of headings (either statements or questions). Experiment 2 investigated whether instructions in the use of headings as processing aids facilitated either retrieval or recall, or both. All participants were randomly assigned to the following three groups: Instructions Plus-Headings, where students were given instructions on using headings to facilitate the processing of text; Headings Only, where students read text material containing headings but did not receive instructions; Control, where students read text material that did not contain headings. The results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that instructions in using headings facilitated retrieval tasks of Japanese university students., 10, KJ00008206599},
 pages = {49--57},
 title = {Effects of the instruction in headings on Japanese university students},
 volume = {1},
 year = {2009}
}